The position of lieutenant governor exists in the overwhelming majority of states, where the position is most often filled by popular statewide election and jointly with the governor, although in a small number of cases the role of lieutenant governor is assigned by state law to another position in either the executive or legislative branch e. The positions of secretary of state, attorney general, and treasurer are all subject to statewide popular election in the majority of states, and at least one of the three is elected in most of the remaining states.
Governors generally have limited authority in the appointment of state comptrollers and pre and post audit department heads. The education department head is independently elected statewide in 14 states and is appointed—independent of gubernatorial approval—by a board or agency head in 20 states and two territories. In most states and territories, the higher education head is appointed by a board independent of gubernatorial approval. A number of states also provide for the statewide election of one or more other department heads, among them public utility regulators and the heads of agriculture, labor, and natural resources departments.
As with governors, other statewide elected positions may be subject to age, citizenship, and state residency requirements, as well as term limits. In most states the cabinet fulfills two functions:. In a number of states, governors have created sub-cabinets to bring together agencies to address issues such as the needs of children. Cabinet membership may be a product of appointment to a specific office or be subject to selection by the governor.
Cabinet size, and the frequency of cabinet meetings and formality and extent to which a governor uses his or her cabinet for advice and assistance, varies among the states, commonwealths, and territories.
The authority for governors to issue executive orders is found in state constitutions and statutes as well as case law, or is implied by the powers assigned to state chief executives. Governors use executive orders—certain of which are subject to legislative review in some states—for a variety of purposes, among them to:. As chief executive, governors are responsible for ensuring their state is adequately prepared for emergencies and disasters of all types and sizes.
Most emergencies and disasters are handled at the local level, and few require a presidential disaster declaration or attract worldwide media attention. Yet governors must be as prepared for day-to-day events—tornadoes, floods, power outages, industrial fires, and hazardous materials spills—as for catastrophes on the scale of Hurricane Katrina or the September 11 terrorist attacks.
States focus on four stages of disaster or emergency management:. These components afford a useful rubric for thinking about the cycle of disasters and emergencies and for organizing recommendations for state action. During an emergency, the governor also plays a key role in communicating with the public during an emergency, providing advice and instructions and maintaining calm and public order.
State emergency management laws usually define how a governor may declare and end a state of emergency. In some cases, the necessary response to a disaster is beyond the capacity of state and local governments. A state may petition the President to declare a major disaster. The declaration of a major disaster triggers a variety of federal programs depending on the scope of the disaster and the type of losses experienced.
Qualifications and tenure Legislative—including budget and veto—authority Appointment sovereignty. Qualifications and Tenure Qualifications States, commonwealths, and territories vary with respect to minimum age, U. Term Limits Gubernatorial terms are four years in every state, commonwealth, and territory but New Hampshire and Vermont, which have two year terms.
Impeachment All states except Oregon provide for the impeachment of governors. Legislative Role Governors play two broad roles in relation to state legislatures. Second, and more familiarly, governors coordinate and work with state legislatures in: approval of state budgets and appropriations; enactment of state legislation; confirmation of executive and judicial appointments; and legislative oversight of executive branch functions.
Governor of Indiana. Eric Holcomb. Governor of Iowa. Kim Reynolds. Governor of Kansas. Laura Kelly. Governor of Kentucky. Andy Beshear. Governor of Louisiana. John Bel Edwards.
Governor of Maine. Janet T. Governor of Maryland. Larry Hogan. Governor of Massachusetts. Charles D. Governor of Michigan. Gretchen Whitmer. Governor of Minnesota. Tim Walz. Governor of Mississippi. Tate Reeves. Governor of Missouri. Mike Parson. Governor of Montana. Greg Gianforte. Governor of Nebraska. Pete Ricketts. Governor of Nevada. Steve Sisolak. Governor of New Hampshire. Chris Sununu. Governor of New Jersey. Phil Murphy. Governor of New Mexico.
Michelle Lujan Grisham. Governor of New York. Kathy Hochul. Governor of North Carolina. Roy Cooper. Governor of North Dakota. Doug Burgum. Governor of Ohio. Richard Michael DeWine. Governor of Oklahoma. Kevin Stitt. Governor of Oregon. Kate Brown. Governor of Pennsylvania. Tom Wolf. Governor of Puerto Rico. Pedro Pierluisi Urrutia. Governor of Rhode Island. Daniel McKee. Governor of South Carolina. Henry McMaster. Governor of South Dakota.
Kristi L. Governor of Tennessee. Bill Lee. Governor of Texas. Greg Abbott. Governor of Utah. Spencer Cox. Governor of Vermont.
Phil Scott. Governor of Virginia. Ralph Northam. Governor of Washington. Jay Inslee. Governor of West Virginia. Jim Justice. Governor of Wisconsin. Tony Evers. Governor of Wyoming. Mark Gordon. State Party Convention. In four states, major political parties nominate candidates for lieutenant governor, among other offices, at a state convention following the primary.
In practice, the gubernatorial candidate often makes the decision beforehand, and the convention delegates officially confirm the nominee.
Table 4 lists these states. Indiana Michigan Iowa South Dakota. North Carolina. Rhode Island. South Carolina. New Jersey.
New Mexico.
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